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Kaitai Shinsho is a translated work. This Western medical manual was not only the starting point of the modernization of Japan but also the first genuine translation project of a Western book in Japan. SUGITA, Genpaku, MAENO, Ryotaku and their colleagues understook the translation of the main text of Tables Anatomiques written by KULMUS, Johann A. It took three years to publication, and during translation they created new Japanese words for various terms including shinkei (nerves), mocho (sppendix) and nankotsu (cartilage).
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